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葡萄酒的种类

葡萄酒的品种很多,因葡萄的栽培、葡萄酒生产工艺条件的不同,产品风格各不相同。一般按酒的颜色深浅、含糖量多少、含不含二氧化碳及采用的酿造方法来分类,国外也有采用以产地、原料名称来分类的。具体分类如下:
按酒的颜色深浅分类:
   
(1)白葡萄酒:选择用白葡萄或浅红色果皮的酿酒葡萄,经过皮汁分离,取其果汁进行发酵酿制而成的葡萄酒,这类酒的色泽应近似无色,浅黄带绿,浅黄,禾杆黄。颜色过深不符合白葡萄酒色泽要求。
(2)红葡萄酒:选择用皮红肉白或皮肉皆红的酿酒葡萄,采用皮汁混合发酵,然后进行分离陈酿而成的葡萄酒,这类酒的色泽应成自然宝石红色、紫红色、石榴红色等。失去自然感的红色不符合红葡萄酒色泽要求。
(3)桃红葡萄酒:此酒是介于红、白葡萄酒之间,选用皮红肉白的酿酒葡萄,进行皮汁短时期混合发酵达到色泽要求后进行分离皮渣,继续发酵,陈酿成为桃红葡萄酒。这类酒的色泽应该是桃红色,或玫瑰红、淡红色。  

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按含糖量多少分类
(1)干葡萄酒:含糖量低于4g/升,品尝不出甜味,具有洁净、幽雅、香气和谐的果香和酒香。   
(2)半干葡萄酒:含糖量在4~12g/升,微具甜感,酒的口味洁净、幽雅、味觉圆润,具有和谐恰悦的果香和酒香。   
(3)半甜葡萄酒:含糖量在12~50 g/升,具有甘甜、爽顺、舒愉的果香和酒香。   
(4)甜葡萄酒:含糖量大于50g/升,具有甘甜、醇厚、舒适、爽顺的口味,具有和谐的果香和酒香。
按酿造方法分类
(1)天然葡萄酒:完全采用葡萄原料进行发酵,发酵过程中不添加糖分和酒精,选用提高原料含糖量的方法来提高成品酒精含量及控制残余糖量。   
(2)加强葡萄酒:发酵成原酒后用添加白兰地或脱臭酒精的方法来提高酒精含量,叫加强干葡萄酒。又加糖以提高酒精含量和糖度的叫加强甜葡萄酒,我国叫浓甜葡萄酒。   
(3)加香葡萄酒:采用葡萄原酒浸泡芳香植物,再经调配制成,属于开胃型葡萄酒,如味美思、丁香葡萄酒、桂花陈酒;或采用葡萄原酒浸泡药材,精心调配而成,属于滋补型葡萄酒,如人参葡萄酒。   
(4)葡萄蒸馏酒:采用优良品种葡萄原酒蒸馏,或发酵后经压榨的葡萄皮渣蒸馏,或由葡萄浆经葡萄汁分离机分离得的皮渣加糖水发酵后蒸馏而得。一般再经细心调配的叫白兰地,不经调配的叫葡萄烧酒。

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